British American Tobacco

Official SUMMARY Any association paying little mind to the reality of its size, age needs to run easily and accomplish the objectives and targets which it has presented. What's more, in this way the association needs to oversee Human Resource Management viably and proficiently. For it creates and actualizes its own Human Resource Management ideas. English American Tobacco Bangladesh is one of the most seasoned and biggest global organizations working in Bangladesh. At British American Tobacco Bangladesh, the key factor to their practical development is human asset. BAT Bangladesh is a main business association in the mechanical area utilizing in excess of 1,300 representatives straightforwardly and a further 40,000 in a roundabout way as ranchers, merchants and providers. It has consistently been focused on acceptable business rehearses and has set out the structure of its Employment Principles on work environment rehearses, worker relations and representative human rights. BATB utilizes in excess of 852 individuals legitimately and around 40,000 individuals in a roundabout way as ranchers, distributers and nearby providers. BATB is one of the most favored managers in the nation. It is their pool of capable individuals who give this spot the magnificent and wonderful workplace that takes the organization forward each day. It is a group of various individuals, various societies and foundations, meeting up to frame something new, something striking regular. In this report, we have attempted our best to represent how the essential elements of HRM are practiced in British American Tobacco Bangladesh. We have examined BATB’s a few capacities: arranging, enlisting and determination, preparing and advancement, execution examination and worker. We additionally talked about the BATB’s objectives, crucial vision. BATB needs to pull in, create and hold high bore ability. It additionally needs an association that is continually learning. This learning society shares information rapidly, gains from its errors and repeats achievement equations rapidly. BATB’s Employment Principles set out BATB’s responsibility to great business practices and work environment related human rights. BATB puts time in these gatherings since it is focused on creating employees’ vocation and on the grounds that in business, singular execution matters. English AMERICAN TOBACCO History : The British American Tobacco Company (BAT or BATCO) is the second biggest recorded tobacco organization on the planet, with a market upper casing of over ? 30 billion (U. S. $44 billion). It is situated in London in the United Kingdom. It started working in 1902 as a joint endeavor of the Imperial Tobacco Company and James Duke's American Tobacco Company, and developed to be the significant cigarette organization in numerous nations †yet not in the USA or in the UK, where every one of the accomplice associations had made a deal to avoid rivaling the other. During the trust-busting time of President Theodore Roosevelt, the American Tobacco Company had to strip its advantage, and in the years that followed. Magnificent Tobacco likewise decreased its shareholdings. In the end BAT turned into a moderately autonomous association that out-developed its parent. BAT Industries : The worldwide remainders of the first organization were rearranged into a holding organization called BAT Industries in 1976, and it gained what was left of the American Tobacco Co. after the counter trust split-up. BAT later acquired Brown ; Williamson (B;W) which, around then, was the biggest cigarette organization in the USA. BAT's US auxiliary held a level of freedom from the UK, albeit obviously it must answer to the London office †and periodically they applied their own weight. BAT is situated in London and has auxiliaries in the UK, Europe, Asia and the old British provinces. In 1999 it procured the South African-based organization of Rothmans Internationalâ after a long fight with Philip Morrisâ for control. The organization has likewise broadened into numerous different businesses †possessing, for example, a significant life coverage organization, food and refreshment organizations, and so on. The abbreviation BATCO is frequently utilized when alluding to this bigger aggregate. English AMERICAN TOBACCO BANGLADESH Beginning the excursion as Imperial Tobacco 100 years back, the organization set up its first depotat Armanitola in Dhaka Bangladesh. After the parcel of India in 1947, Pakistan Tobacco Company was set up in 1949. At that point it became Bangladesh Tobacco Company Limited in 1972 following Bangladesh’s freedom. In 1998, the organization changed its name and character to British American Tobacco Bangladesh adjusting the corporate personality to other working organizations in the British American Tobacco Group. Address : British American Tobacco Bangladesh New DOHS Road Mohakhali PO Box 6069 Dhaka †1206 Bangladesh Tel: (+880) 2 882 2791 Tel: (+880) 2 882 2786 BATB’S SHAREHOLDERS BATB is among the primary organizations to be recorded on the Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Exchanges and at present position among the main 20 organizations regarding market capitalization. English American Tobacco Group holds 65. 91% of our offers; 18. 76% is possessed by speculation Corporation of Bangladesh; Shadharan Bima Corporation, Bangladesh Shilpa Rin Shangstha, Government of People’s republic of Bangladesh, Sena Kallyan Sangstha claims 4. 73% and further 10. 609% is claimed by different investors. BATB’S OPERATIONS BATB develops tobacco leaves through its enrolled ranchers in Kushtia, Chittagong, Manikganj and Rangpur zones. The two its administrative center and cigarette fabricating plant are situated in Mohakhali, Dhaka. It has one Green Leaf whipping plant in Kushtia and a Redrying Plant in Manikganj. Obligations BATB expects to guarantee that it just buys leaf from capable and supportable sources. Its Social Responsibility in Tobacco Production program tends to the social and ecological issues related with tobacco developing and preparing, and arrives at in excess of 300,000 ranchers who gracefully all the leaf it purchases. The program covers great horticultural practices for improving soil and water protection, suitable utilization of agrochemicals, ecological best practice and word related wellbeing and security. It is likewise dynamic in dispensing with exploitative youngster work and advancing forestation activities for the ranchers who need wood for tobacco restoring. As a feature of the program, it gives direct agronomy backing and preparing to approximately 250,000 of its cultivator providers where it isn't in any case accessible. BATB’s VISION BATB’s vision is â€Å"to accomplish initiative of the worldwide tobacco industry so as to make long haul investor esteem. Authority isn't an end in itself, yet an organization that drives its industry, is the favored accomplice for key partners and supposedly has an economical business, ought to be esteemed all the more profoundly. † BATB characterizes initiative in both a quantitative and subjective sense. Quantitively, it looks for volume authority among its universal rivals and in the more drawn out term, esteem initiative. It perceives that its prosperity will rely upon grown-up buyers and that, subsequently, it must be purchaser driven. In any case, the hard, quantitative measures don't in themselves address all the things it must do as an organization. It takes a drawn out view, concentrating on the nature of its business and how it functions. Subsequently, subjectively, it tries to be perceived as industry pioneers and to be the accomplice of first decision for governments, NGOs, financial specialists and possible workers. It will do this by proceeding to exhibit that it is a capable tobacco Group, with an economical business, extraordinary individuals and predominant items. So as to convey its vision, its methodology for making investor esteem has four components around which every one of our endeavors rotate †Growth, Productivity, Responsibility and Winning Organization. HR MISSION Inserting winning society where individuals consistently endeavor to exceed expectations. How BATB Works To Achieve Its Organizational And HR Vision : To build up the most fundamental component of the association which is the human asset BATB has invested in a ton of amounts of energy in reacting to different changes and issues through successful detailing and usage of human asset methodologies through the HR division. A key piece of BATB’s work is helping sustain an open, sure and winning society, where all are adjusted in conveying purchaser fulfillment. It guarantees that individuals have the chance to discharge their energies in a productive and concentrated manner. It needs its workers to have a reasonable vision for the business and to encourage excitement to drive unrivaled execution. Besides, BATB anticipate that its heads should connect with their groups and to build up their kin. BATB’s culture likewise empowers continuous turn of events, so its job incorporates improving individual and authoritative learning so as to use the capacity of both the business and the person to set up the organization vision. BATB endeavors to coordinate the requirements of the association and individual goals and energize individual achievements. In this way, achievement is perceived in manners which are pertinent to the person. Key Human Resource Management The organization obviously distinguished that a key way to deal with human asset the board, advancement and organization was the essential prerequisite for managing the basic issues that it confronted, and has been following such a methodology since 1996. Under this methodology, it has decided to accomplish the accompanying targets: * Create a situation inside which all gatherings could connect one another, form trust and produce acceptable outcomes. Guarantee a steady workplace where the associations and the laborers would become accomplices in accomplishing the company’s in general goals. * Develop authority among laborers and make an imaginative domain; * Ensure the virtual nonappearance of troublesome modern relations issues; * Upgrade the base degree of training and skil

Feeling Like a Fraud

Having a feeling that a Fraud Each time I start another book, I question my aptitudes to get it going. Simply a week ago I told my better half as we prepared supper: I continue thinking about whether my first books were possibility, karma, my best thoughts spent. He shook his head, wondering about my outlandishness, letting me know as consistently that I think excessively hard. In any case, perpetually when I compose, I wonder, Am I claiming to be an author or am I actually an essayist, and how would I know the distinction? Any author who thinks they have shown up are not essayists to peruse. Ive discovered that much in this insane business. The greatest names in the business keep on enhancing their art, their image, their narrating capacity. We start as tenderfoots, at that point we advance to mid-level where weve took in a couple of things, yet we arent aces. We bring in some cash, however insufficient to crow about. A significant number of us quit en route, since that uncertainty grabs hold and wins. Others climate through that instability again and again, kicking the bucket at a higher bar on the stepping stool or deciding to move higher. In any case, no one is invulnerable to the inclination that they are attempting to be something they are definitely not. Much the same as should kill our interior editorial manager as we compose, we ought to put ourselves in a story for narrating, not for the fantasy of popularity and riches. Its the individuals who keep composing, the individuals who compose on the grounds that they just appreciate the experience, the individuals who battle to be better without putting a dollars and pennies estimation on the speculation, who wake up one after quite a while in the wake of composing for quite a while and acknowledge theyve really accomplished something good and earned a level of regard. It is anything but a fleeting sensation. It sneaks up on you . . . expecting youre still around. The authentic award of composing is simply the composition. Your main responsibility is to compose and make it a piece of your being. Obviously you need individuals to value your work, yet that is the sauce, individuals. Improve, improve, improve. At that point following quite a while of every day determination, somebody could conceivably remember you as a short-term wonder. Be that as it may, if not, no biggie. Composing is the thing that you would do with your life at any rate.

Essay - How to Write an Essay Online

Essay - How to Write an Essay OnlineHow to write an essay online is an issue which is very important for students who are facing this problem in their classes. In the present days, writing an essay on the internet has become the rage and a lot of people these days prefer to write on the internet instead of writing in a book or in a magazine.This is because they have a lot of help from the net which can be helpful to them in all sorts of situations. They do not need to write the essays in the form of books as it can help them a lot. They can take assistance from the experts in the field.The students need to first know about the format before they start to prepare for the essay. The format is not that difficult to be understood. Once they are able to understand the format of the essay they need to start by preparing the necessary skills.The students need to study well before they start writing the essay. They need to know about grammar and all the other essentials. They need to prepare the essay by making it very interesting. Students should choose the right subjects and learn it well so that they will be able to make the essay interesting.The students should choose a good topic for the essay so that they can make the topic interesting. Once they find a good topic they should write a good essay. Students should make use of all the available resources like the internet, books and the software.The online resources also help the students a lot. They need to use the blogs and the articles as these are written by the experts in the field. Students need to read all the resources in order to have a better understanding of the essay writing. Once they are able to understand the subject they need to make sure that they include the main points in the essay which helps the students to have a more focused essay. Students need to ensure that they write the essay in the form of paragraphs. They need to write in the form of paragraphs and avoid using the full sentences. They sh ould keep the topics in the required topic, which will help them to make the essay more focused.Many of the students choose to write online essays because it is easier and it helps them to get the perfect result. Students need to get the best help so that they can get the results that they want.

Essay About Food Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 940 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Food Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? American Food Culture and Traditions From Around The World Introduction Culture is defined as the beliefs, customs, knowledge, and habits a set of people share (Smith, 15). These are learned and not inherited behaviors. Culture is transferred from families to families down the lines. Each tribal group has its specific culturally cuisines and food habits (Para 5). According to Terry, a cuisine is a particular set of cooking practices and traditions, often related with a definite culture (4). Each cuisine encompasses food preparation in a specific style, of drink and food of particular types, to produce exclusively expended items or individual meals. A cuisine is normally named after the place or region where it was invented (Para 3). American cuisine has been inclined by Native Americans and Europeans in its early history. When compared to the northern settlements, the southern settlements were quite assorted in their agricultural diet and neither did they have a central expanse of culture. In the 19th and 18th centuries, Americans came up with many new foods for instance; the Progressive Era (1890–1920) food presentation and production became more developed (Smith, 26). One trait of American cooking is the combination of multiple tribal or regional methodologies into entirely new cooking styles. During the 1980s, famous restaurants introduced method of combining cuisines that comprised of American styles of cookery with foreign essentials, universally referred as New American cuisine (Terry, 28). The modern cuisine of the United States in the 21st century is mostly regional in nature. In other words, the foods of ordinary culture have been affected by the presence of these distinct cultures hence; the American food is a blend of many cuisines and cultures. In order to understand it, one must not only study the native foods and food habits of the many marginal sets, but also the relations between the mainstream culture and the way of life of these minor groups (Smith ,35). Today, several foods are commonly considered as American, these are hamburgers, potato chips, hot-dogs, macaroni and cheese and meat loaf. There are also methods of cooking and forms of foods that are unique to a region. Southern-style cooking is called American comfort food and comprises of foods such as fried chicken. Tex-Mex, distinct in the Southwest and Texas, is a mix of Mexican and Spanish cooking cuisines and includes foods such as chili and burritos and depends heavily on frayed cheese and beans (Para,5). Majority American culinary methods are same to those in Western nations. Corn and wheat are the prime cereal grains. Traditional American cooking uses items such as turkey and indigenous foods used by American Indians and early European colonists. Italian-American cuisine often finally appears; in the form of Vietnamese cuisine, Thai cuisine, and Korean cuisine. German cuisine has a major impact on American cuisine, most especial ly mid-western cooking, with potatoes, roasts, noodles, stews and pastries being the most popular ingredients in both cuisines (Smith, 46). The state of Louisiana, for instance, is known for its Creole and Cajun cooking. Cajun and Creole cooking are affected by French, Haitian and Acadian cooking, although the foods themselves are unique and original (Para, 7). Soul food, established by African slaves during the colonial period, is widespread around the South and among African Americans. Americans commonly prefer coffee to tea, with approximately half the adult population drinking at least a cup a day. New England, also a cuisine in America is marked for having a major stress on seafood, a heritage inherited from coastal tribal groups like the Narragansett and Wampanoag, who similarly used the abundant fishing banks offshore for survival (Terry, 49). Meat is present though not as common, and is stewed in dishes. The Hawaiian and pacific cuisine is often considered to be one o f the most culturally varied in the U.S. states, and also being the only state with an Asian mainstream population (4). Resulting to the Hawaiian cuisine borrowing ingredients of a variety of cuisines, mainly those of Pacific-rim   and Asian cultures, as well as   native Hawaiian and a few adds from the Americans .Midwest Midwestern cuisine   in America, includes everything from barbecue to the hot dog Chicago-style. African impacts came with slaves from West Africa (Smith, 67). Foods such as eggplant, chili pepper and many varied kinds of melons were carried with them from along with the incredibly significant starter of rice to the Carolinas and later to Louisiana and Texas where it became main grain of the region and till today (Para, 6). Traditionally around the world. Italian Meal of the Seven Fishes, which originated from Southern Italy, has the Italian-American families celebrating the custom with multicourse seafood feasts of baccal, calamari and chockfull of seven kinds of fish (Morgan, 22). French reveillon is In French speaking countries. The feasts deep into the night and comprises of lobster, escargots, foie gras or oysters. Peruvian Noche Buena is found In Spain, the Philippines and Latin America. Peruvians decide on roast pig or turkey with a range of side foods like rice, fresh salads and apple sauce (Para 3). In the UK, Boxing Day, occasionally a day for awarding workers with presents, is celebrated after Christmas with a simple curry centric buffet mainly made from leftovers (Morgan, 35). German dinner goes down with roasted goose with potatoes, vegetables and confections like fruitcake. Irish dinner is similar to holiday feasts of the Americans; roasted poultry, potatoes, ham, and pudding are main meals. References Andrew F Smith. Eating history: 30 turning points in the making of American cuisine. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009. Print. Bryant Terry. Vegan Soul kitchen: fresh, healthy, and creative African Ameri can cuisine. Massachusetts: Da Capo Press, 2009. Print. James L Morgan. Culinary creation: an introduction to foodservice and world cuisine .Boston: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006. Print. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Essay About Food Online For Free" essay for you Create order

State Tuition For Illegal Immigrants - 993 Words

Today there are twenty states that offer in-state tuition for unauthorized illegal immigrants. The path to becoming such states has been a difficult one; furthermore, only sixteen of these states have achieved in-state tuition for illegal immigrants by taking legislative action. The other four states allowed the universities autonomy developing their own system and guidelines (Undocumented, 2014). Arguments from opposing side generate authoritative statements. The opposing voices argue in-state tuition is only a magnet for illegal immigrants and unfair for American students from other states to pay higher tuition than illegal aliens. Supporters claim in-state tuition opens a door to a more educated society and ultimately states should protect the investment already made since childhood. In my opinion immigrants should be offered opportunities, but not at the expense of others. In-state tuition decisions can be tied to the Supreme Court case of Plyer v. Doe in 1986. In this landmark decision the Supreme Court overturned a Texas statute denying public education funding to schools for alien children. Justice William Brennan, in the majority opinion, employed the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause when concluding that, â€Å"a state could not enact a discriminatory classification by defining a disfavored group as nonresident† (Vargas, 2011). Oddly enough Texas was the first state to pass legislation granting in-state tuition under Rick Perry. After Texas, other statesShow MoreRelatedThe DREAM Act Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents graduate from a United States high school. They have dreams of going to college or to the military to have an opportunity to make something of their lives. However, each year, there is also a group of about 65,000 students who will not have that chance to advance in their lives (CIR_DREAM paragraph 1). They are unable to do so because they were brought to the US illegally by their parents when they were children, and have the status of an illegal immigrant. Despite the fact that these individualsRead MoreIllegal Immigration Is The United States1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe subject of illegal immigration is nothing new in the United States. The social, economic, and political issues surrounding illegal immigrants have been debated at the federal and state levels for years. In the last decade, one of the issues which has received a lot of attention and development is the issue of higher education for illegal immigrants. Until recently many illegal immigrant students were unable to attend institutes of higher education because their lack of documentation disqualifiedRead MoreDream Act or Nightmare Act?1073 Words   |  5 PagesThe Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act, or DREAM Act of 2011, proposes to allow children of undocumented immigrants that were brough t to the United States before their fifteenth birthday who have lived in America for at least five years straight to apply for permanent residency once they graduate from high school or achieve a GED. Conditionally, these children must be admitted into a college and complete a two-year degree or serve two years in the military. They must also beRead MoreCalifornia Dream Act Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesRewarding an Illegal Act Born and raised here in the U.S. many students, and parents for that matter, are currently struggling with the bills, loans, and the stress of trying to stabilize a healthy future for themselves by pursuing an education. When a law like the California Dream Act is passed, it makes those who have done nothing but follow the rules of our legal system, feel as if the right as a legal citizen is being pushed aside. The money to fund the education of these illegal immigrants has toRead MoreShould Non Documented Students Be Granted Residency For Tuition Purposes?1646 Words   |  7 PagesResidency for Tuition Purposes? The debate on whether non-documented students should be granted residency for tuition purposes has been a primary issue for a decade in the United States. Each side has cited their reasons for their sides, citing both moral/equity and financial/economic arguments to support their positions. With statistics indicating that approximately 15% of the nation’s 12 million undocumented immigrants are below the age of 18, there are more young undocumented immigrants enrolled inRead MoreIllegal Immigration And The United States1135 Words   |  5 PagesIllegal immigration has been a controversial topic over several years in America, but it has come to light in recent years because of the dramatic increase of Latino individuals crossing the southern border of the United States. This requires multiple people in multiple sections of our government, whether it is politicians, federal law enforcement agencies, or local police, to work together flawlessly to police and combat the current pr edicament in our nation. Throughout this paper, I am going toRead MoreThe Right Action1617 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents don’t attend college because the tuition is too expensive. Many of these students have lived their whole lives in the U.S, but we still consider them illegal immigrants who have the right to go to college but decide not to because they can’t afford to. Most of these students have the intelligence to go to college, they have regular classes, and some are even in high-level classes. They have the potential to make this country better. That’s why the United States should pass the, Deferred Action forRead MoreEssay on Illegal Immigration: Granting Amnesty1537 Words   |  7 Pagesscholarships because of his status as an illegal immigrant. Along with financial difficulties, his family has to live without their father because his father came earlier to earn money for their crossing which caused him to get deported from the United States. Tony, a long with his two siblings, will have to wait twenty years to see his father again (Tony). They are not the only family, who has had these problems, and with Arizona’s new, immigration law, immigrants are required to have documents on themRead MoreThe Economic Impact Of Illegal Immigration902 Words   |  4 PagesThe economic impact of illegal immigrants in Texas has brought concerns for the state s economy. Such as opportunities, health care, and education. Illegal immigrants contribute both positively and negatively to the Texas economy. They contribute positively by paying for taxes such as sales taxes, health taxes and taxes imposed on items. The negative impacts these immigrants have on the Texas economy seems to overweigh these positive impacts. Their presence has made general wages go down for unqualifiedRead MorePositive And Negative Outcomes Of Illegal Immigrants1459 Words   |  6 Pagesto immigrants and how they contribute to a society. A lot of people just ass ume that illegal immigrants are bad for one’s society. But really, especially for people in the U.S., illegal immigrants pay taxes just like us citizens, they still pay for health insurance, and they also have savings and checking accounts. Some illegal immigrants, (non US citizens) even get accepted to colleges, even the ones in Wisconsin. Although there are positive and negative outcomes regarding illegal immigrants, I

Capital Punishment The Death Penalty - 2384 Words

Capital Punishment Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the utmost form of punishment in the United States. It is the method of punishment by execution legally given to a criminal convicted of a crime. Capital punishment originated from many early societies, it is only imposed on people who have committed very serious crimes, and only five different execution types are currently used in the United States. The death penalty has been around for a while. The first death penalty laws date back to the eighteenth century with the Code of Hammurabi. In the Code of Hammurabi, there were up to twenty-five different crimes people could have been executed for (10). Surprisingly, people living during that time would not†¦show more content†¦By the seventh century there were over two hundred crimes that people could have been executed for, which included cutting down a tree, robbing a rabbit warren, and stealing (10). The United States got its use of the death pe nalty from Britain (16). When the Europeans came to the United States, they brought the practice of capital punishment with them (16). In 1602, Captain George Kendall was the first person executed in the United States in the Jamestown Colony of Virginia because he was caught spying for Spain (16). In 1612, the governor of Virginia, Sir Thomas Dale, passed the Moral and Martial laws, which stated that the death penalty could be given to anyone found stealing grapes, killing chickens, or trading goods with the Indians (16). Colonies in New York, Massachusetts, and North Carolina also used the death penalty. In 1655, a colony in New York put the Duke’s Laws into place (19). These laws made it legal for colonist to be executed for not believing in God, kidnapping, conspiracy, and disobeying their king or ruler (19). During the eighteenth century, Massachusetts only recognized seven crimes that could punishable by death (19). These crimes included sodomy, buggery, murder, burglary , rape, arson, and treason (19). Colonist in North Carolina could have been executed for hiding a slave with the intention of letting him go free, stealing bank notes, bestiality, and

Construction Projects Selection and Risk †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Construction Projects Selection and Risk. Answer: Introduction Risk management is essential for the project of construction because the main aim behind making waste management is to prevent of losses caused by exposure to risk. Risk management in the project of construction is designed to plan, control and monitor those requirements which are needed to protect exposure to risk. It is a research proposal which will describe the role of risk management in the project of construction. In order to understand the research, various sources will be used to analyze the topic. Literature review will reflect the entire structure of risk management to prevent exposure to risk. The importance of risk assessment will be described. The main objective of this research is to search out the importance of the risk assessment in the project of construction. Risk assessment is required to prevent the risk exposure. Secondary sources are being taken together the relevant information regarding the research title. The research program will reflect the importance of risk assessment in the project construction. Risk identification and risk analysis will be discussed under the program of research. The major scope of research proposal is to make better understanding about the kind of risk in construction. The projects of Constructions are exposed to risk at the time of their coming into existence. It is important for the risk management to measure and cost of the measure must be recognized and comfortable measures must be searched in order to avoid errors in the potential. There are various kind of construction project with the course of planning, development and realization. The importance of risk management in construction projects is vital. In the phase of planning possible risk for the successive achievement of the project can be raised and decreased by their integration into the planning. There is potential analysis of a construction project refers to what extent project risk affect the circumstances of risk of the business (Zhao, Hwang and Low, 2013). It is required for the risk potential to be predictable without depth knowledge of the individual raised at as little expense as possible. Risk management includes the integration of common Principles of risk policy and the organiz ational integration. With the help of risk management, transparency enhances, various issues can be avoided from the outside by applying the proactive action, and the construction project might be made for unavoidable issues (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts, 2015). The processes of risk management include many steps, which will be described in this literature review. The certain steps of risk process are identifying risk, risk analysis, assessing risk, controlling risk, monitoring risk and managing the goals. It is important for the risk management that risk to be identified because the risks that are not recognized also cannot be assessed. The risk identification can be distinguished into quality risk, personal risk, cost risk, deadline risk, strategic decision risk and external risk. It is important for the organization to analyze the type of risk in the construction project (Marcelino-Sdaba, Prez-Ezcurdia, Lazcano and Villanueva, 2014). The main objective of analyzing risk is to define the situation of Risk in the form of completely and precisely. The recognized risks are investigated with the term probability of the occurrence and the effect on the project the evaluation of Risk is brought by the project manager in the term of controlling the project. It is important for the risk team analysis to determine and evaluate as per the kind and poi nts for risk are worked out. The third step of risk management is assessing the risk. The risk assessment includes the qualitative assessment as well as quantitative measurement of the risk of individual involving the interrelationship of their influences (Hwang, Zhao and to, 2014). The result of risk assessment would be helpful for the company to analyze the position of rest in the existing construction project. Risk assessment is considered as a constitutional requirement for the health and safety risk under the management of Health and safety at work regulation. In case of no objective data is present, risk should be quantifiable. With the help of qualitative estimation, risk can be assessed subjectively as per the probability of their occurrence and the amount of damage or loss. Controlling risk has the effective influencing of the risk decided in the context of risk analysis. The measurement of handling with risk maybe various between cause related and effect related measures. The measure of cost related should be avoided or decrease risk, in the context of effect related measures serve to decrease or safeguard against the damage. The effectiveness of risk control is maintained when the operative control over the risk management is done on continuous manner (Osipova and Eriksson, 2013). The aim of risk management is not to eliminate waste entirely from the construction project. Monitoring risk facilitates guarantee that the position of the risk of the construction project conveys to the situation of endeavored for. The integral part of the body is internal control system. The constant monitoring of the previous indicators And the repeated risk verification are brought by the person who is responsible for every case, no afterward than the respective mileston e deadlines. The response construction is wider at the earliest stages of the initiating project with the option of procurement route. There are several routes of procurement that construction project utilize each with different balance of risk either towards the customer or the contractor. For instance the design of client-led and create the weight of the risk on the customer and the stage of design where is contractor Finance creating the weight of Risk on the contractor by the phases of design and construction. There are majorly three kinds of risks in the project of construction that is client risk, contractor risk and health and safety risk (Manuj and Mentzer, 2008). Client risk is related to the quality and cost time. The consideration of the risk management for the customer may involve feasibility risk, design risk, funding risk and commercial risk. Feasibility risk involved the decision to move further backed up by a business case of robust. The preferred solution is presented after consi dering options. Design risk refers to a decision the level of control to put design and therefore the risk is described in the context of design. Funding risk is making ensure about the availability of the fund to pay the contractor. It reduces the risk of insolvency of contractor as well. The risk of commercial is on the profits and income if contractor is unable to deliver the project on time with quality (Taylan, Bafail, Abdulaal and Kabli, 2014). The biggest risk for contractor is the stage of tender when commitments in the context of price and time scale. Accuracy in the bill is must in the construction project. Due to lack of quantity in the bill and inaccuracy in the bill can be the reason of fewer margins (Rothengatter, 2017). The contractor should define the entire detail about what he want related to the construction project because subcontractors might not stand by their commitment and work might be more costly in comparison of estimated if a choice of the method of construction is not suitable for the existing construction project. It has been analyzed that on average 2 to 3 people die every week on construction site. Most of them are avoided by constructor (Desai and Kashiyani, 2015). To decrease the risk of die while performing the task of construction project, health and safety regulation support to them directly or indirectly. The health and safety risk is handled by the legislation regarding construction involvin g the design and management regulation 1994 and the construction regulation 1996. The importance of Health and safety plan in the construction project is vital and it is important to have the effective communication within the entire team throughout the project. The guidance are reflected by the approved code of practice (HSE 2001) that is concerned about the elements of the health and safety plan and describe the responsibility of those person who are responsible and have duties under the regulation. Apart from those risks, risk of Fire is higher in construction projects. Fire risk is always available on the site of construction. It is necessary to have the certain firefighting equipment in the place of construction project. Training program about preventing risk should be addressed to the existing labor (Froot, Scharfstein and Stein, 2013). The principal contractor must develop the plan of fire prevention on construction sites. Research questions and hypothesis Research questions have been created for this research topic which is defined below: What is risk management in the construction project? Why risk assessment is necessary to protect the exposure to risk? What are the steps or process of risk management to control the risk in the construction project? Risk management is able to prevent the revelation to risk and their process is helpful for risk management team. Lack of controlling over the risk can take the lives of many. It can influence the image of the construction project and organization as well in adverse manner. Research Design and Methodology There are various kinds of design and methodologies available which gives support to accumulate the data effectively. Different kinds of methods and techniques have been observed while executing of the research. The used methods and techniques are listed below: There might be various kinds of techniques and methods which could support to research to gather the information. Qualitative data has been considered to collect the data and information regarding this topic. It will be facilitates to assemble the information on the quality basis. Qualitative and quantitative both approaches have been measured to gather the information. The approach of qualitative helps to understand the aspects and opinion about the gathered data. The support of primary and secondary sources has been taken to gather thee quality research material and information regarding the topic. Data collection is done with aim to collect the information for the executing of research. The relevant information is being collected by suing the primary and secondary data sources. A combination of the resources would b advantageous for the research to make effective understanding about the topic of research. Primary sources are fresh because it is directly fetched by respondent and includes questionnaire and interviews (Musa, Abanda, Oti, Tah and Boton, 2016). The term of reliability is heavier of the secondary sources in the comparison of primary. Secondary sources are able to increase the authenticity and reliability of the material of research. Sampling size and techniques The gathered information is huge so it is the challenge to evaluate the entire data within time limit. It is the main reason and to cope up with this issue, random sampling technique has been chosen. It would be helpful to give opportunity to an individual of the population of being involved in the sample. The major feature of this technique is its delegation of the population (Neuman and Robson, 2014). The research program should be completed within time frame because it is vital for the relevancy. The research should be conducted appropriately and it is necessary for attaining the aim and objectives. A systematic approach has been opted for the execution of the research. It facilitates to accomplish the data and activity within a sequence manner (Sadgrove, 2016). The outcome of the research program will come in a sequence way which is applicable for the research. Target market defines the place where relevant information regarding research topic has to be gathered. The primary as well as secondary sources have been taken in use to gather the information related to the topic. A primary source contributes in the term of questionnaire which will be represented to the risk management and secondary data has been collected from the reliability journals and published material after 2009. Research program has been executed by keeping in mind about the ethical consideration. There are certain rules and regulations have been followed by researcher and permission is not there to reveal information regarding the research topic. Data protection act is there for those who will breach the rules and policies (Grace, Leverty, Phillips and Shimpi, 2015). Research limitations There are certain limit has found during researching the program, the limitations are described below: The time limit is not sufficient for this research and due to lack of time; random sampling technique has been chosen which will be helpful to determine the various aspects related to risk management in construction project. The range of resources is limited which is being in the issue of limitation to execute the research. The limitation of getting access over the data is also the reason of unfavourable collision on the execution of the research. Schedule of time Serial number Activities Starting date Duration Attainment date Description 1 Decision about research topic 1 October, 2017 2 2 October, 2017 Selection of the topic will be done. 2 Making plan for the research 3 October, 2017 3 5 October, 2017 Plans will be made. 3 Implementation of the plan 6 October, 2017 4 9 October, 2017 Plans will be implemented. 4 Data collection 10 October, 2017 4 13 October, 2017 The methods will be selected. 5 Analyzing collected data 14 October, 2017 5 18 October, 2017 Data regarding topic will be analyzed. 6 Interpretation of the outcomes 19 October, 2017 3 21 October, 2017 Results will be drawn from the analyzed information. 7 Drawing conclusion ad recommendations 22 October, 2017 2 23 October, 2017 The conclusion and recommendation will be made. Conclusion Thus, it can be summarized by from the above discussion that risk management is necessary for the construction project. It is vital for the risk management to assess the risk. The process of risk management has been discussed in this report. The management of risk has been installed progressively in the project provides the opportunity to attain the clear understanding of the aim and objective of the services and viability of the project. It has been recommended that the process of risk should be done in the proper manner. Construction project is risky and the risk management team should be active and follow all rules regarding health and safety. Training program should be conducted in the construction project so that labor can get security and know about how to protect. References Aminbakhsh, S., Gunduz, M. and Sonmez, R., 2013, Safety risk assessment using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) during planning and budgeting of construction projects,Journal of safety research,46, pp.99-105. Desai, A. and Kashiyani, B., 2015, Role of insurance as a risk management tool in construction projects,International Journal of advanced Research in Engineering Science and Management,2(3/3). Froot, K.A., Scharfstein, D.S. and Stein, J.C., 2013, Risk management: Coordinating corporate investment and financing policies.the Journal of Finance,48(5), pp.1629-1658. Grace, M.F., Leverty, J.T., Phillips, R.D. and Shimpi, P., 2015, The value of investing in enterprise risk management.Journal of Risk and Insurance,82(2), pp.289-316. Hwang, B.G. and Ng, W.J., 2013, Project management knowledge and skills for green construction: Overcoming challenges.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), pp.272-284. Hwang, B.G., Zhao, X. and Toh, L.P., 2014, Risk management in small construction projects in Singapore: status, barriers and impact.International Journal of Project Management,32(1), pp.116-124. Manuj, I. and Mentzer, J.T., 2008, Global supply chain risk management strategies.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,38(3), pp.192-223. Marcelino-Sdaba, S., Prez-Ezcurdia, A., Lazcano, A.M.E. and Villanueva, P., 2014, Project risk management methodology for small firms,International Journal of Project Management,32(2), pp.327-340. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015,Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools, Princeton university press. Musa, A.M., Abanda, F.H., Oti, A.H., Tah, J.H.M. and Boton, C., 2016, The Potential of 4D modelling software systems for risk management in construction projects. Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2013,Basics of social research, Pearson Canada. Osipova, E. and Eriksson, P.E., 2013, Balancing control and flexibility in joint risk management: Lessons learned from two construction projects,International Journal of Project Management,31(3), pp.391-399. Rothengatter, W., 2017, Risk Management for Megaprojects,The Governance of Infrastructure, p.81. Sadgrove, K., 2016,The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Taylan, O., Bafail, A.O., Abdulaal, R.M. and Kabli, M.R., 2014, Construction projects selection and risk assessment by fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS methodologies.Applied Soft Computing,17, pp.105-116. Walker, A., 2015,Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons. United States. Zhao, X., Hwang, B.G. and Low, S.P., 2013, Critical success factors for enterprise risk management in Chinese construction companies,Construction Management and Economics,31(12), pp.1199-1214.

iliad Essay Example

iliad Essay The Iliad, an epic tale told by the famous Greek author Homer, is focused primarily on the Trojan War between the Greeks, or Argives, and the Trojans. This war was filled with bloody battles and a massive loss of life. Homer tells stories about a duration of time during this fighting, and not the entire war. He uses his story-telling abilities to focus the audience on the garish and sometimes mundane drudgery of war. Due to his removal from the actual time of these battles, his stories may be embellished or not completely accurate descriptions of what did or did not happen. Overall, however, the Iliad is believed to be mostly true. Homer was born, most likely, in the 8th Century B.C. He is widely believed to be the best and most popular of the Ionian poets. His birthplace is not known beyond a doubt. Some have even said that he may have been blind. This idea has its share of critics though, since Homer details specific landscape scenes all throughout his works, and most of his writi ng is focused on the vision of the scene in which he describes. Homer relies heavily on descriptions to get his points across to the audience. In Homers time, stories were told orally. Therefore, as a good writer, he attempted to write eloquently to convey to the audience the overall feeling of his stories. William Shakespeare did the same thing in his writing. Shakespeare knew that his work was going to be performed, and that his audience was predominantly illiterate. He knew that if he created a quality story and told it in an interesting way, he would gain greater popularity by allowing those who didnt understand to be entertained anyway. Homer used this to his advantage in his time also through the use of elaborate descriptions of battles and scenes, and with similes and metaphors. The similes and metaphors of The Iliad, in my opinion, are the real attention-grabbing parts of the story. Homers descriptions using similes are mostly very deta

Arthur Harris - World War II Arthur Bomber Harris Biography

Arthur Harris - World War II Arthur Bomber Harris Biography Early Life: The son a British Indian Service administrator, Arthur Travers Harris was born at Cheltenham, England on April 13, 1892. Educated at Allhallows School in Dorset, he was not a stellar student and was encouraged by his parents to seek his fortune in the military or colonies. Electing for the latter, he traveled to Rhodesia in 1908, and became a successful farmer and gold miner. With the outbreak of World War I, he enlisted as a bugler in the 1st Rhodesian Regiment. Briefly seeing service in South Africa and German South-West Africa, Harris departed for England in 1915, and joined the Royal Flying Corps. Flying with the Royal Flying Corps: After completing training, he served on the home front before being transferred to France in 1917. A skilled pilot, Harris quickly became a flight commander and later commander of No. 45 and No. 44 Squadrons. Flying Sopwith 1 1/2 Strutters, and later Sopwith Camels, Harris downed five German aircraft before the end of the war making him an ace. For his accomplishments during the war, he earned the Air Force Cross. At wars end, Harris elected to remain in the newly formed Royal Air Force. Sent abroad, he was posted to various colonial garrisons in India, Mesopotamia, and Persia. Interwar Years: Intrigued by aerial bombing, which he saw as a better alternative to the slaughter of trench warfare, Harris began adapting aircraft and developing tactics while serving abroad. Returning to England in 1924, he was given command of the RAFs first dedicated, postwar, heavy bomber squadron. Working with Sir John Salmond, Harris began training his squadron in night flying and bombing. In 1927, Harris was sent to the Army Staff College. While there he developed a dislike for the Army, though he did become friends with future Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery. After graduating in 1929, Harris returned the Middle East as Senior Air Officer in the Middle East Command. Based in Egypt, he further refined his bombing tactics and became increasingly convinced in aerial bombardments ability to win wars. Promoted to Air Commodore in 1937, he was given command of No. 4 (Bomber) Group the following year. Recognized as a gifted officer, Harris was promoted again to Air Vice Marshal and sent to Palestine and Trans-Jordan to command RAF units in the region. With World War II beginning, Harris was brought home to command No. 5 Group in September 1939. World War II: In February 1942, Harris, now an Air Marshal, was placed in command of the RAFs Bomber Command. During the first two years of the war, the RAFs bombers had suffered heavy casualties while being forced to abandon daylight bombing due to German resistance. Flying at night, the effectiveness of their raids was minimal as targets proved difficult, if not impossible, to find. As a result, studies showed that less than one bomb in ten fell within five miles of its intended target. To combat this, Professor Frederick Lindemann, a confidant of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, began advocating area bombing. Approved by Churchill in 1942, the doctrine of area bombing called for raids against urban areas with the goal of destroying housing and displacing German industrial workers. Though controversial, it was approved by the Cabinet as it provided a way to directly attack Germany. The task of implementing of this policy was given to Harris and Bomber Command. Moving forward, Harris was initially hampered by a lack of aircraft and electronic navigation equipment. As a result, early area raids often were inaccurate and ineffective. On May 30/31, Harris launched Operation Millennium against the city of Cologne. To mount this 1,000-bomber raid, Harris was forced scavenge aircraft and crews from training units. Utilizing a new tactic known as the bomber stream, Bomber Command was able to overwhelm the German night air defense system known as the Kammhuber Line. The attack was also facilitated by the use of a new radio navigation system known as GEE. Striking Cologne, the raid started 2,500 fires in the city and established area bombing as a viable concept. A huge propaganda success, it would be some time until Harris was able to mount another 1,000-bomber raid. As Bomber Commands strength grew and new aircraft, such as the Avro Lancaster and the Handley Page Halifax, appeared in large numbers, Harris raids became larger and larger. In July 1943, Bomber Command, working in conjunction with the US Army Air Force, commenced Operation Gomorrah against Hamburg. Bombing around the clock, the Allies leveled over ten square miles of the city. Heartened by the success of his crews, Harris planned a massive assault on Berlin for that fall. Believing that the reduction of Berlin would end the war, Harris opened the Battle of Berlin on the night of November 18, 1943. Over the next four months, Harris launched sixteen mass raids on the German capital. Though large areas of the city were destroyed, Bomber Command lost 1,047 aircraft during the battle and it was generally viewed as a British defeat. With the impending Allied invasion of Normandy, Harris was ordered to switch away from area raids on German cities to more precision strikes on the French railroad network. Angered by what he perceived as a waste of effort, Harris complied though he openly stated that Bomber Command was not designed or equipped for these types of strikes. His complaints proved moot as Bomber Commands raids proved highly effective. With the Allied success in France, Harris was permitted to return to area bombing. Reaching peak efficiency in the winter/spring of 1945, Bomber Command pounded German cities on a routine basis. The most controversial of these raids occurred early in the campaign when aircraft struck Dresden on February 13/14, igniting a firestorm that killed tens of thousands of civilians. With the war winding down, the final Bomber Command raid came on April 25/26, when aircraft destroyed an oil refinery in southern Norway. Postwar In the months after the war, there was some concern in the British government about the amount of destruction and civilian casualties caused by Bomber Command in the conflicts last stages. Despite this, Harris was promoted to Marshal of the Royal Air Force before he retired on September 15, 1945. In the years after the war, Harris stalwartly defended Bomber Commands actions stating that their operations conformed to the rules of the total war started by Germany. The following year, Harris became the first British commander-in-chief to not be made a peer after he refused the honor due to the governments refusal to create a separate campaign medal for his air crews. Always popular with his men, Harris act further cemented the bond. Angered by criticism of Bomber Commands wartime actions, Harris moved to South Africa in 1948, and served as a manager for the South African Marine Corporation until 1953. Returning home, he was forced to accept a baronetcy by Churchill and became the 1st Baronet of Chipping Wycombe. Harris lived in retirement until his death on April 5, 1984. Selected Sources BBC: Sir Arthur Bomber HarrisRAF: Arthur Bomber Harris

Country analysis ( Singapore) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Country analysis ( Singapore) - Research Paper Example Nevertheless, the country is criticized for running a system that churns out punishments for acts perceived to be anti-social; however, the country’s use of capital punishment that is applied mainly for drug trafficking offences hailed for stopping the growth of narcotics syndicates. A. Introduction to Country Analysis Singapore uses Singaporean Dollar (SGD) and has a total area of about 714 sq km. According to Singapore Department of Statistics, the 2009 population estimates stood at 5.18million (comprising of 3.26 citizens 0.53 million permanent residents 1.39million other foreign residents) with the population density revolving around 6671.7 sq km. Singapore government represents republic and parliamentary democracy with the official Singaporean languages include Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The major religions in Singapore include Buddhism (33%), Christian (11%), Taoism (11%), Catholicism (7%), Islam (15%), Hinduism (5%), other religions 1%, and no religion at17% ( Jancloes-Schneider, 2012). Chinese make up the bulk of Singapore population (more than 75%) while Malays (13%) and Indians (9%) make up the rest. Singapore has also a significant composition of foreign workers. This diversity has translated into a distinct mix of religions, languages, cuisines, and cultural traditions. The successful integration of these elements has fashioned stable, accommodative relations depicted by mutual respect and that promotes social cohesion (World Trade Organization, 2000). Although Singapore is predominantly a multi-party nation, the People’s Action Party has dominated the political scene since independence from Malaysia in 1965. Singapore’s vibrant economy remains largely propelled by financial services and electronics industry (Parker, 2012). B. Economic Indicators Singapore possesses a developed market-based economy that has historically centered on extended entrepot trade. Singapore GDP (constant prices, National Currency) in 2010 stood at SGD 284.561 billion (and US $238.2 billion in 2011) while GDP (current prices, US dollars) in 2010 stood at US $222.699 billion. As per 2010, Singapore GDP growth ranged around 14.471% while GDP (PPP) in 2010 stood at US $291.937 billion (GDP PPP was US $327.557 billion in 2011) (Healy Consultants,2012). Singapore’s GDP per capita (constant prices, National currency) in 2010 stood at SGD 55, 093.67 while GDP per capita (current prices, National currency) in 2010 stood at SGD 58,790. 97. In 2011, the GDP per capita stood at SGD 63,050, which amounted to US $50,123 (Jancloes-Schneider, 2012). The inflation rate in 2010 stood at 2.823% while, in 2011, the inflation rate stood at 5.2% and is estimated to be 3.5% in 2012. Unemployment rate in Singapore decreased to about 1.9% within the third quarter of 2012 right from 2% registered in the 2nd quarter of 2012. In 2011, Singapore enjoyed an annual growth of around 5.2% with the benchmark interest rate last recorded by the Monet ary Authority of Singapore standing at 0.1%. After an outstanding rebound in 2010, the Singapore economy slowed down a bit in 2011 owing to tighter economic policies and the slowdown witnessed in international trade (Jancloes-Schneider, 2012). C. Main exports and Imports Singapore’s geostrategic location, plus its developed port facilities means that a significant volume of Singapore’s merchandise exports involves entrepot trade with close to 47% of exports comprising of re-exports. The total value of exports in Singapore in 2010 stood at

Homework Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Homework - Coursework Example Investment in securities by companies leads to the creation of capital markets. This capital market results due to the widespread ownership, which leads to better allocation of resources thus improving the economic growth. Investment in securities such as fixed income securities ensures more of its financing is done through issuing of bonds. This results in an advantage of cash flows to the fixed income securities as the interest payments (John, 2008). Another benefit of the securities in the investment of a company is that the securities are not limited to physical assets. It ensures the non-liquidity assets are pooled and shares in the diversified pool are then issued. This ensures that the complicated process of investment is simplified therefore making it easy and efficient. It reduces risk by maximizing returns due to invest in different categories that react in a different way to the same happening. This is because if a company has only a portfolio of railway, then all trains are involved in a strike then the railway company will experience great loss but if the company had a diversification of trains and buses only part of the portfolio would be affected (Chris, 2011). There is a possibility that the road stock prices would increase, as the passengers will turn to the buses as alternative means of transportation. Diversification of different assets classes minimizes risk as they react opposite to adverse situations. Variation in asset divisions such as stocks and bonds, ensures that if there is a negative effect in one it will be counterbalanced by positive results in the other one (Chris,

C ivil rights movements Essay Example for Free

C ivil rights movements Essay This is a two-page, APA formatted paper that summarizes the purpose of Leonard Crow Dogs, the purpose of the Ghost Dance and how the U. S. government works to undermine Native American communities. It is based on a true story and is in relation to the novel â€Å"Lakota Woman† by Mary Crow Dogs. The story speaks about the hardship of Mary and the Lakota Indians. Leonard Crow Dog was a very important character in the novel, â€Å"Lakota Woman. † He was Mary’s husband and also a spiritual leader as well as a political leader of the American Indian Movement of 1960s and 70s. His purpose was to help build Mary’s self-esteem. Through Leonard’s support, Mary was able to rebuild her self esteem by performing speeches and by supporting the American Indian Movement. Leonard gave her a way to do her own spiritual rituals which she believed helped strengthen her. Because of Leonard’s leadership participation in the AIM Movement, his son was raised freely in the traditional way of his Indian culture. Leonard was also the one who restarted the Ghost Dance even thought it was previously forbidden. Due to the oppression from the Whites, Indians started a spiritual dance which they believed would deliver them from the oppression of the white men. They called it the Ghost Dance. The Ghost Dance was a way to relieve the American Native Indians from their extreme poverty, suffering and from the other hardships they encountered. They believed that the Ghost Dance would bring a messiah to them that would soon return the lands to the Indians, resurrect their dead ancestors, and restore their former ways of life (Richard P. Muniz 2006). White people feared the Ghost dance traditions believing that the dance was not proper and that the Indians would practice witchcraft on them. Therefore, the Ghost Dance was outlawed. The U. S. Government undermined the Indian communities through reservations. Indians were required to live a segregated life. They were treated as second class citizens and to make them â€Å"perfect† for the American’s way of life, the government forced their beliefs onto them. The government greatly attacked the Native American community way of life through sending the Native American children to an institution to break their ways of beliefs with the intention of molding them into a â€Å"respectful† American citizen of the white class. Using these schools were a great means to fix the Indian’s way of life. The government really believed that the schools were civilizing the Indian children and offering them a great opportunity for them to evolve into the white culture and Christianity. These schools were supposed to help them to become â€Å"first class† citizens instead of â€Å"second class. † However, the government did not understand that this was not the proper way or means to help the Indian children or Indian people at all. They were already oppressed by Indian Reservations and then placed into a school system to strip them of their cultural beliefs and then forced to accept customs that were not known to their forefathers. Mary describes the government as civilizing them with their stick or another way to say this is with discipline. Mary states that, â€Å"children were like the victims of Nazi concentration camps† (pg. 28). The Indian Sun Dance which is another common tradition of the Indian culture and their community was outlawed by the government as well as the Ghost Dance. The Government forced many Indians into slum housing after taking their tribal lands. These slum homes had no electricity, plumbing, or technology. Most of them would have to live in the dark and in small cabins. Their way of living was very limited unlike the White Americans who had electricity and plumbing. They were unable to find employment due to racial restrictions from white people which resulted in high unemployment for the Indian culture. Many Indians were killed due to being accused for murderers they didn’t commit. Mary mentions in the story that many Indian family members were killed. In addition, many Indian families were punished by the government for having civil rights movements with attempts to help their community to become strong. Mary’s husband was also one of the unfortunate one’s who was thrown in jail many times for his radical civil rights movements. References Dog, M. C. (1990). Lakota Woman. New York: New York.

Platoon Plot Essay -- essays research papers

Platoon is a story of a soldier’s perspective of the Vietnam War. The movie is for the most part told out of the eyes of members of one platoon of the 25th Infantry Division. It is a movie dedicated to all of the people who fought in the Vietnam War. In the movie, Chris Taylor is a young man from a wealthy family, but while in college, chooses to help his country and do his duty in the Vietnam War. He is sent to Vietnam gets put in the 25th Infantry Division. Chris first has some rough times while over there. He gets bitten by ants while traveling through the jungle, and gets blamed for falling asleep while he was on watch. The North Vietnamese tried and were unsuccessful at ambushing them. However, it was not Chris’s fault (It was a soldier named Junior who fell asleep). Chris starts to miss home after some of these events happen. After being put on light duty, he gets mixed up in what some of the other soldiers were doing to deal with their depression - drugs and alcohol. He also meets some nice people such as King and Big Harold in the process. The Platoon soon sets out again, patrolling the jungle. They discover a Vietnamese bunker complex and soon after discover something else: Manny, one of their soldiers is missing. The soldiers go through all of the fortified area, and two of them set off a mine. Lieutenant Wolfe then gets word to move his men to a nearby village, which was thought to have Vietnamese soldiers in hiding. On their way, they discover Manny dead, tied t...

Competition Bikes, Inc. Costing Method and CVP Report Essay

A1. Costing Method Recommendation This report has been prepared to analyze the current costing method at Competition Bikes, Inc. (CBI) and provide a recommendation for improvement. To support this analysis, the differences between traditional based costing and activity based costing will be examined, along with the benefits and drawbacks for each method. A cost-volume-profit evaluation with break-even analysis for both sales units and sales dollars for the CarbonLite and Titanium bike lines will also be provided. The main differences between activity-based costing and the traditional costing: Traditional costing includes both direct and indirect components. Indirect costs (overhead) are grouped together. There’s only one cost driver (such as direct labor hours) used to calculate costs regardless of what they are. Activity-based costing breaks down the overhead costs into activity cost pools. All overhead costs are then allocated into these activity cost pools. This method of costing does require more time to c ompute the cost to the activity yet it earns that money back plus dividends by having a more accurate forecast of the true costs that are associated with each activity. In addition to a better understanding of costs, implementation of activity-based costing can drive improved financial results in the long run. By looking at each product and what drives its specific costs, management can have a much more detailed sense of the true costs involved in producing each product. They can then compare the activity-based costs with the costing system they have been using to discover what products they may be overpricing, or underpricing for sale in the market. They can also spot potential money wasting activities in their manufacturing process, and work to make those activities more efficient. If management has a better understanding of costs, they can present a stronger business case to get future capital projects funded. The downside to activity-based costing is that it requires a substantial commitment of personnel and financial resources up front. Management must be willing to examine their operations rigorously and the data that is gathered may be difficult to accept, particularly by those who are believe the current costing system is just fine and are resistant to change. Traditional costing, on the other hand, is much easier to calculate than activity-based costing, and this makes manager’s jobs easier. However, traditional costing is so generally calculated that it may be hiding inefficiencies in the supply chain. Products may be overpriced or underpriced, and this can negatively impact the company’s bottom line in the long run. By moving to the activity-based cost system, CBI could pinpoint if they have been overpricing items, losing market share to competitors. On the flip side, if they underprice an item, they are likely losing money as the price may be lower than what it costs to produce the bike. They would lose potential revenue to further fund research and development to improve the product for the future. If prices are significantly lower than those of the competition, customers may even hesitate to purchase the product, as they could wonder why the bike is priced so much lower than all the others in the market and have a perception that sub-par materials or manufacturing processes have been used. Since these bikes are a specialty product built to order, customers are generally not as price sensitive as shoppers looking for ready-made bikes. By switching to the activity based costing (ABC) method, CBI is also taking advantage of the in-depth knowledge of costs that will result in savings for the company. In the overhead analysis, six manufacturing overhead items and their cost drivers are identified, with a comparison provided between ABC costing, and Traditional costing assuming 900 units produced for the Titanium line, and 500 units produced for the Carbonlite line. The cost driver for manufacturing overhead using the traditional method is not identified, but the totals are given in the Competition Bikes spreadsheet and are reflected below. Traditional costing method -Titanium line manufacturing overhead cost: $239,020 -Carbonlite line manufacturing overhead cost: $232,380 Total traditional manufacturing overhead cost: $471,400 ABC costing method -Titanium line manufacturing overhead cost: $188,415 -Carbonlite line manufacturing overhead cost: $282,985 Total traditional manufacturing overhead cost: $471,400 It’s important to note that the manufacturing overhead totals are identical when calculated using both traditional and ABC methods. This is because it’s not a difference in overhead, but instead a change in where the overhead is allocated. In the case of CBI, the allocation is quite different between methods. For the Titanium line, the total manufacturing overhead cost with ABC costing is $50,605 lower than with traditional costing – a difference of 21%. In other words, CBI has overestimated manufacturing overhead for the Titanium line by 21% using traditional costing. Looking at unit costs, the traditional method per unit cost is $713, while the ABC unit cost is $656. The higher unit cost in the traditional costing method makes sense given that the allocation for manufacturing overhead was higher. CBI may be overpricing this bike, which could result in a negative effect on sales. If they could lower the price to a number closer to the true unit cost, they will likely see sales rise. For the Carbonlite line, the total manufacturing overhead cost with ABC costing is $50,605 higher than with traditional costing. CBI had underestimated manufacturing overhead for the Carbonlite line by 18% using traditional costing. Looking at unit costs, the traditional method per unit cost is $1,359, while the ABC unit cost is $1,460. The unit cost calculated using ABC costing was higher than CBI had realized; they are likely underpricing this bike, losing out on potential revenues. A review of competitors’ prices may be in order, to evaluate what the market will bear, as well as an analysis of the impact of raising prices and how that affects sales. Once they have this data, CBI management can make an informed decision whether or not to adjust the Carbonlite sales price, and by how much. A2a. Cost-volume-profit and break-even point evaluation: Current scenario CVP Analysis: Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis is a tool that managers and businesses often use to estimate future levels of operational activity needed to avoid financial losses, to break even, and to generate a profit. This analysis also helps to target future revenues. CVP analysis can also be used to estimate production levels needed to generate revenues sufficient to recoup capital expenditures such as operational expansion. CVP analysis examines changes in profits in response to changes in sales volumes, costs and prices. The basic CVP equation is sales minus variable costs = contribution margin. Sales revenues per unit for the Titanium product are set at $900. The variable cost per unit (costs that vary directly with volume) for the Titanium product is $679. Based on these numbers, the resulting contribution margin (sales revenue minus variable cost) per unit is $900 – $679 = $221. Contribution margin is the amount of profit left after variable costs are subtracted; therefore they c an be considered the ‘contribution’ to profit for each unit sold. For the Carbonlite product, the sales revenue per unit is higher at $1,495 due to the specialized materials and increased amount of labor required to manufacture the product. Variable cost is $1,384. The resulting contribution margin per unit is $1,495 – $1,384 = $111. It’s worth noting that the contribution margin for this product is much smaller than that for the Titanium line. A smaller contribution margin generally means the product is not as profitable. When multiple product lines are included in the analysis, to calculate total break-even sales units, a weighted average contribution margin (WACM) must be calculated. This is important because various products in the sales mix contribute different amounts of profit. The WACM is calculated by multiplying the unit contribution margin by the percentage of the total sales mix for each product. Expressed as a formula: WACM = Product one unit contribution margin (product one sales mix percentage) + product two unit contri bution margin (unit two contribution margin percentage) Incorporating the CBI data, with the sales mix proportion of 9 units of Titanium for every 5 units produced of Carbonlite, the WACM is calculated as 221 (.643) + 111 (.357) = $181.71. This number is what the average unit  contributes to CBI’s profit on a per unit basis. When the WACM is known, the Total Contribution Margin Dollars can be calculated. This is the amount of money that the company has to pay fixed costs. Any money left over after fixed costs are paid is profit. If total contribution margin dollars equal fixed costs, the company is at break-even. If total contribution margin dollars are less than fixed costs, that represents a loss for the company. The equation for this figure is: Total Contribution Margin Dollars: Units sold multiplied by the WACM Break-even analysis Break-even sales units can be calculated if the WACM and Total Contribution Margin Dollars needed to break-even are known, as follows: Total Contribution Margin Dollars/WACM. To calculate sales units and sales dollars required for break-even, a few steps are required. The first step is to calculate the break-even point in units of sales mix. Break-even point in units of sales mix = Total fixed cost/WACM per unit For CBI, break-even point in units of sales mix is $400,000/$181.71 = 2201 The next step is to calculate the number of units of Titanium and Carbonlite units at the break-even point. The equation is as follows: Number of units at break-even point = Sales mix ratio (total break even units) Break-even point in units for Titanium: 0.643 (2201) = 1415 Break-even point in units for Carbonlite: 0.357 (2201) = 786 The last step is to calculate the break-even point in dollars. The equation is as follows: Break-even point in dollars = Product units at break-even point (sales price per unit) Break-even point in dollars for Titanium: 1415 (900) = $1,273,500 Break-even point in dollars for Carbonlite: 786 (1495) = $1,175,070 Total sales needed to break-even: $1,273,500 + $1,175,070 = $2,448,570. To summarize, CBI would need to sell 1415 units of Titanium and 786 units of Carbonlite, generating sales revenues of $2,448,570 to break-even (revenues and costs are equal). A2b. Cost-volume-profit and break-even point evaluation: Variable and fixed cost increase scenarios Suppose management needed to increase the cost of direct materials by 10% as well as add  $50,000 in fixed costs to the production facility. What effect would this have on the break-even point? Because the equations are based on the contribution margin as well as the WACM, an increase in the cost of direct materials (variable costs) by 10% will have a significant impact. Let’s first examine how cost-volume-profit and break-even point would be impacted if management needed to increase direct materials cost by 10%. I will analyze the $50,000 fixed cost increase separately. Variable cost increase (10% direct materials increase) scenario CVP Analysis: Contribution Margin per unit for Titanium: $900 – $709 = $191 Contribution Margin per unit for CarbonLite: $1495 – $1451 = $44 The contribution margins for both product lines decreased. Titanium decreased by 13%, and of particular note is the whopping 60% reduction in contribution margin for Carbonlite. This makes sense given that Carbonline has a higher variable cost and lower volume, so a percentage increase in variable cost has a greater impact. This product is even more expensive to produce in this scenario, and generating very low profits for the company at this point. With the sales mix proportion of 9 units of Titanium for every 5 units produced of Carbonlite, the WACM per unit is calculated as 191 (.643) + 44 (.357) = $138.50. CVP Summary: the 10% increase in direct materials resulted in a 24% decrease in WACM per unit. The bikes are contributing 24% less profit towards profits. Break-even Analysis: Break-even point in units of sales mix is $400,000/$138.50 = 2888 Break-even point in units for Titanium: 0.643 (2888) = 1857 Break-even point in units for Carbonlite: 0.357 (2888) = 1031 Break-even point in dollars for Titanium: 1857 (900) = $1,671,300 Break-even point in dollars for Carbonlite: 1031 (1495) = $1,541,345 Total sales needed to break-even: $1,671,300 + $1,541,345 = $3,212,645 Break-even summary: the 10% increase in direct materials cost resulted in a reduced contribution margin per unit for both products. Given that fixed costs in this example were unchanged at $400,000, it makes sense that an increase in variable costs would require an increase in the break-even point to cover the additional expense. In this scenario, the break-even point in units and total sales need to break-even increased by 24% from the current scenario. It’s clear that an increase in variable costs can have a disproportionate impact on profits and the break-even point. Fixed cost increase ($50,000) scenario For this scenario, I assumed that variable costs remained unchanged from the current scenario (no 10% increase in variable costs) and that fixed cost for the production facility increased from $400,000 to $450,000. CVS Analysis: Contribution margin per unit for Titanium: $900 – $679 = $221 Contribution margin for per unit for Carbonlite: $1,495 – $1,384 = $111 With the sales mix proportion of 9 units of Titanium for every 5 units produced of Carbonlite, the WACM per unit is calculated as 221 (.643) + 111 (.357) = $181.71. CVS Summary: Since variable costs did not change in this scenario, the contribution margin per unit and weighted average contribution margin/unit are at the same level as the original example. Break-even Analysis: Break-even point in units of sales mix is $450,000/$181.71 = 2476 Break-even point in units for Titanium: 0.643 (2476) = 1592 Break-even point in units for Carbonlite: 0.357 (2476) = 884 Break-even point in dollars for Titanium: 1592 (900) = $1,432,800 Break-even point in dollars for Carbonlite: 884 (1495) = $1,321,580 Total sales needed to break-even: $1,432,800 + $1,321,580 = $2,754,380 Break-even summary: Compared to the current scenario, the $50,000 increase in fixed costs (11% over the $400,000 example in the current scenario) had an impact of increasing the break-even point in units of sales mix by 275  units, or 11%. Since the contribution margin was unchanged in this example, the increase is less than in the scenario with 10% increase in direct materials. The break-even point in dollars also increased by 11%. The fact that the increase in the break-even point exactly matches the increase in fixed costs illustrates that as fixed costs rise, the break-even point will rise in proportion assuming the sales mix remains unchanged. Comparing all three scenarios, the CVP and break-even analysis provides insight on how increases in variable and fixed costs affect contribution margins and break-even numbers. Variable cost increases have a disproportionate impact on increasing margins and break-even numbers, while the fixed cost increases result in a proportionate impact on increasing these measures. CBI’s management should consider these impacts when considering cost increases for their product lines.

Changing from Base 10 to Base 2 in Mathematics

Suppose we have a number in base 10 and want to find out how to represent that number in, say, base 2. How do we do this? Well, there is a simple and easy method to follow. Let’s say I want to write 59 in base 2. My first step is to find the largest power of 2 that is less than 59.So let’s go through the powers of 2: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64. Okay, 64 is larger than 59 so we take one step back and get 32. 32 is the largest power of 2 that is still smaller than 59. How many â€Å"whole† (not partial or fractional) times can 32 go into 59? It can go in only once because 2 x 32 64 which is larger than 59. So, we write down a 1. 1 Now, we subtract 32 from 59: 59 – (1)(32) 27. And we move to the next lower power of 2. In this case, that would be 16. How many full times can 16 go into 27? Once. So we write down another 1 and repeat the process. 1 1 27 – (1)(16) 11. The next lowest power of 2 is 8.How many full times can 8 go into 11?Once. So we write down another 1. 111 11 11 – (1)(8) 3. The next lowest power of 2 is 4.How many full times can 4 go into 3?Zero.So, we write down a 0. 1110 3 – (0)(4) 3. The next lowest power of 2 is 2.How many full times can 2 go into 3?Once. So, we write down a 1. 11101 3 – (1)(2) 1. And finally, the next lowest power of 2 is 1. How many full times can 1 go into 1?Once. So, we write down a 1. 111011 1 – (1)(1) 0. And now we stop since our next lowest power of 2 is a fraction.This means we have fully written 59 in base 2. Exercise Now, try converting the following base 10 numbers into the required base 16 into base 416 into base 230 in base 449 in base 230 in base 344 in base 3133 in base 5100 in base 833 in base 219 in base 2 Solutions 1001000013211000110101122101314410000110011